{"id":26083,"date":"2016-10-11T07:00:29","date_gmt":"2016-10-11T11:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.adorama.com\/alc\/?p=26083"},"modified":"2022-10-25T14:46:24","modified_gmt":"2022-10-25T18:46:24","slug":"insound-4-women-pioneered-electronic-music","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.adorama.com\/alc\/insound-4-women-pioneered-electronic-music\/","title":{"rendered":"InSound: 4 Women Who Pioneered Electronic Music"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Electronic music has long been beholden to a handful of legendary scientific women \u2014 most of them inventors, music composers, and punctilious sound engineers. This ubiquitous music we take for granted today \u2014 ambient, house, disco, electro, trance and all the subgenres within \u2014 had to begin somewhere, and these pioneering women were there twisting knobs and exploding electrical currents at the forefront. Thanks to the advent of digital audio in the 80\u2018s, which then birthed into affordable consumer synthesizers, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adorama.com\/l\/Musical-Instruments\">instruments<\/a> could be put into girls\u2019 hands everywhere thereafter. Here are just a few of the experimental heroes, and documentaries that cover them (<em>Sisters With Transistors<\/em>, included), that we should know about:<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"Bebe Barron 1997\" style=\"width:1280px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe hidef\" id=\"WYL_Zg_5Eb8coTU\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/Zg_5Eb8coTU\/hqdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Zg_5Eb8coTU\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT14M50S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2011-06-13T04:44:09Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte_Zg_5Eb8coTU\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/Zg_5Eb8coTU\/hqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">Bebe Barron 1997<\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Zg_5Eb8coTU\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/Zg_5Eb8coTU\/0.jpg\" alt=\"Bebe Barron 1997\" width=\"1280\" height=\"700\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"Interviewed by Eric Chasalow Filmed by Barbara Cassidy 1997 Her home in Beverly Hills California copyright 1997 The Video Archive of Electroacoustic Music\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:1280px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bebe Barron<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Visionaries Bebe Barron (1925 &#8211; 2008) and her husband Louis created the world\u2019s first all-electronic score to a commercial film long before the term \u201csci-fi sound effects\u201d was even a household blip or bleep. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2005\/02\/07\/4486840\/the-barrons-forgotten-pioneers-of-electronic-music\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">soundtrack for <em>Forbidden Planet<\/em><\/a> from 1956 is the result of looped tape recorders, ring modulators, electronic oscillators, spring reverberators, and a small Manhattan apartment full of hand made electroacoustic instruments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI don\u2019t know how we functioned under that much freedom&#8230;I really don\u2019t. There were no rules and no history of electronic music up to that point,\u201d Bebe said in an interview in 1997. Throughout the 1950\u2019s and 60\u2019s, she continued composing for experimental cinema and art films, sliced tape with John Cage, and is considered one of the most influential people in film soundtrack history.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image wp-image-26091 size-large\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"747\" src=\"https:\/\/www.adorama.com\/alc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Daphne_Oram_and_her_Oramics-1024x747.jpg\" alt=\"daphne_oram_and_her_oramics\" class=\"wp-image-26091\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.adorama.com\/alc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Daphne_Oram_and_her_Oramics.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.adorama.com\/alc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Daphne_Oram_and_her_Oramics-300x219.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>By Paul Downey (Flickr: Daphne Oram and her oramics!) [CC BY 2.0 (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Daphne Oram<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Perhaps the legendary Daphne Oram (1925 &#8211; 2003) should be called the godmother of British electronic music. She began her career as the first sound engineer and director of the BBC\u2019s Radiophonic Workshops in 1958, a time when electronic music was just in its infancy. She invented a form of sound synthesis suitably called \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/av\/technology-12953324\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Oramics<\/a>,\u201d a method of music composition that feeds an alphabet of symbols on paper through a machine that would then synthesize them into sounds on electronic tape. Because of this, she\u2019s considered the first woman to design and construct an electronic musical instrument.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oram\u2019s style has been described as early noise-music, minimalism, abstract, and a precursor to modern ambient drone. &#8220;In my work, I am not concerned with synthesizing orchestral sounds \u2014 we have excellent orchestras for making those sounds. My interest is in making new sounds which are musical<em>.<\/em>&#8220;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image wp-image-26092 size-full\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"229\" height=\"323\" src=\"https:\/\/www.adorama.com\/alc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Delia_Derbyshire_a\u00f1os_70.jpg\" alt=\"By Clive Blackburn [CC BY 3.0 (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons\" class=\"wp-image-26092\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.adorama.com\/alc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Delia_Derbyshire_a\u00f1os_70.jpg 229w, https:\/\/www.adorama.com\/alc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Delia_Derbyshire_a\u00f1os_70-213x300.jpg 213w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 229px) 100vw, 229px\" \/><figcaption>By Clive Blackburn [CC BY 3.0 (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Delia Derbyshire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Electronic music pioneer Delia Derbyshire (1937- 2001) may be best known for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xkIEkLww3lg\">creating the theme to <em>Dr. Who<\/em><\/a> in 1963, a BBC show still being aired with brilliant contemporary twists today. This memorable <em>siren-whoosh-whirr-eeee<\/em> melody became the first electronic score on a television show. Involving zero musicians, she created every part meticulously on quarter inch mono tape using techniques such as filtered white noise generators, manually adjusted signal oscillators, and a machine she liked to call the \u201cwobbulator.\u201d&nbsp; (The siren sound is not a theramin, as widely believed!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also with beginnings at the BBC\u2019s Radiophonic Workshop, Delia went on to continue composing electronic music for radio, and soundtracks for hundreds of avant-garde films, documentaries, and television performances. Her seminal library of sounds paved the way for collaborations with early sonic dabblers such as rock musicians Pink Floyd, Yoko Ono, Brian Jones, and The Beatles.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image wp-image-26093 size-full\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.adorama.com\/alc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Moog_Synthesizer_3P_1972_CRuNCh_Lab.jpg\" alt=\"By EJ Posselius from Boulder, USA - Crunch.MoogUploaded by clusternote, CC BY-SA 2.0, https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=9912258\" class=\"wp-image-26093\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.adorama.com\/alc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Moog_Synthesizer_3P_1972_CRuNCh_Lab.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.adorama.com\/alc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Moog_Synthesizer_3P_1972_CRuNCh_Lab-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.adorama.com\/alc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Moog_Synthesizer_3P_1972_CRuNCh_Lab-120x90.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>A modular Moog synthesizer, designed by Robert Moog, that Wendy Carlos helped popularize. Photo By EJ Posselius from Boulder, USA &#8211; Crunch.MoogUploaded by clusternote, CC BY-SA 2.0, https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=9912258<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Wendy Carlos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/people.com\/archive\/after-a-sex-change-and-several-eclipses-wendy-carlos-treads-a-new-digital-moonscape-vol-24-no-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wendy Carlos (born Walter in 1939)<\/a> composed several electronic scores on an early Moog synthesizer. She\u2019s most famously know for her original soundtracks to high-budget cult films like <em>A Clockwork Orange<\/em>, <em>The Shining<\/em>, and <em>Tron<\/em>. Her early album <em>Switched-On Bach,<\/em> released in 1969, became the first classical album in history to go platinum. Audiences loved the bizarre but prodigious performances of Bach\u2019s masterpieces reinterpreted in that otherworldly Moog synthesizer sound, feeling as if she was introducing the world to the \u201cmusic of the future.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wendy, born Walter, revealed herself as transgender in 1979, one of the first public figures to do so. Her theatrical style and use of new musical equipment was important in introducing electronic music to the rock and punk musicians of 1970\u2019s and 80\u2019s \u2014 from prog rock to new wave \u2014 for better or worse. \u201cI think music is an art form that is well served by having some drama within it,\u201d she said in an interview from 2003.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">And today&#8230;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If was difficult to narrow this piece down just four pioneering women to represent the beginning of electronic music production. There were numerous innovators in the field, and presumably many more women we don\u2019t know about. A great website like <em>Female Pressure<\/em> lists hundreds of modern women producers to draw inspiration from, and also includes gear specs, images, inspiring stories, and the introduction of new electronic genres to many readers, from legends like Pauline Oliveros,&nbsp; Elaine Radigue, and Laurie Spiegal to newcomers like Pharmakon, Mikachu, and Maya Jane Coles&#8230; Add to the list!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plus: Check Out <em>Sisters With Transistors<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"Sisters with Transistors [Official Trailer]\" style=\"width:1280px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe hidef\" id=\"WYL_7r-3hlzpV7M\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/7r-3hlzpV7M\/hqdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7r-3hlzpV7M\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT1M37S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2021-04-19T15:03:29Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte_7r-3hlzpV7M\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/7r-3hlzpV7M\/hqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">Sisters with Transistors [Official Trailer]<\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/7r-3hlzpV7M\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/7r-3hlzpV7M\/0.jpg\" alt=\"Sisters with Transistors [Official Trailer]\" width=\"1280\" height=\"700\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"https:\/\/metrograph.com\/live-screenings\/sisters-with-transistors\/?utm_source=youtube&amp;utm_medium=video&amp;utm_campaign=YouTubeTrailer Sisters With Transistors will premiere exclusively on Metrograph.com, starting with a live screening and panel discussion at 8pm ET on April 23rd, followed by a limited on-demand window and a series of special events.\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:1280px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Sisters With Transistors,&#8221; the 2020 documentary directed by filmmaker Lisa Rovner, follows the story of electronic music&#8217;s women trailblazers. Creatively made up of archival film footage and audio\/video snippets, the documentary captures women electronic music stars such as Clara Rockmore, the theremin virtuoso; Suzanne Ciani, master of the Buchla synthesizer; Eliane Radigue, ARP synthesizer composer; and electronic film-score legend Bebe Baron. We also glimpse the works of artists and audio engineers Daphne Oram, Pauline Oliveros, Delia Derbyshire, Maryanne Amacher, and Laurie Spiegel. Narrated by Laurie Anderson, this film is a vital historical corrective, inscribing women electronic music names into history as innovators and pioneers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The women interviewed in &#8220;Sisters With Transistors&#8221; discuss the first synthesizers, sequencers, tone generators, and analog instruments. Throughout the film, we learn how early 20th-century technology and machinery opened music to an entirely new field of sound. Several women had access to wartime technology advancements and proto-computers. We learn that these women engineers developed a new form of electronic music, forging ahead without any role models or representations of women electronic music composers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The film maps a new history of electronic music through the visionary people whose radical experimentations redefined the boundaries of 20th-century music. Electronic music not only changed the modes of production but also transformed the very terms of musical thought in its worldwide influence. Ultimately, &#8220;Sisters With Transistors&#8221; follows women&#8217;s electronic music lineage, which has utterly transformed how we produce and listen to music today.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Part of a regular Adorama Learning Center series, Sara Landeau\u2019s \u2018InSound\u2019 explores the best in audio gear, how-to\u2019s and interviews with other musicians.  Read previous installments here.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":165,"featured_media":26105,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10717,10714,17813,17810],"tags":[13396,13397],"class_list":["post-26083","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-audio-features","category-features","category-guitars","category-music","tag-electronic-music","tag-music-history"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>InSound: 4 Women Who Pioneered Electronic Music - 42West<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Here are just a few of the heroes, and documentaries that cover them (Sisters With Transistors, included), that we should know about.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.adorama.com\/alc\/insound-4-women-pioneered-electronic-music\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"InSound: 4 Women Who Pioneered Electronic Music - 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